With "declare -n" you can add a reference to another variable and you can do this over and over again. This is a pretty common problem in bash, to reference array within arrays for which you need to create name-references with declare -n.The name following the -n will act as a nameref to the value assigned (after =).Now we treat this variable with nameref attribute to expand as if it were an array and do a full proper quoted array expansion as before. As a quick example, here’s a data table representing a two-dimensional array. Elements in arrays are frequently referred to by their index number, which is the position in which they reside in the array. Example: In Bash, there are two types of arrays. echo "${array[@]}" Print all elements as a single quoted string We can combine read with IFS (Internal Field Separator) to define a delimiter. When using arrays, one must know how many elements are present in the array. There is no maximum limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned contiguously. By asking for indexes not in the array you either create an array with indexes missing, ie 0,1,3,6,7,9 This would then mean you have "holes" at positions - 2,4,5,8 and nothing in any index after 9 However, you create your array using the following: These index numbers are always integer numbers which start at 0. Unlike in many other programming languages, in bash, an array is not a collection of similar elements. An array is a variable that can hold multiple values, where each value has a reference index known as a key. Now the myarray contains 3 elements so bash split string into array was successful # /tmp/split-string.sh My array: string1 string2 string3 Number of elements in the array: 3 . Print all elements, each quoted separately. @nath declare -p is just a quick way to make bash print the real array (index and contents). You don't need this declare -p command in your real script. Bash arrays have numbered indexes only, but they are sparse, ie you don't have to define all the indexes. Arrays in Bash. No, you need not count them all. In BASH script it is possible to create type types of array, an indexed array or associative array. Any variable may be used as an array; the declare builtin will explicitly declare an array. Bash does not support multi-dimensional arrays, but there is a way to imitate this functionality, if you absolutely have to. There are the associative arrays and integer-indexed arrays. Bash Array – An array is a collection of elements. Instead, bash provides a special operator who does all the work for us. As if this was not complicated enough, with "declare -p", you do not get the type or the original variable. Execute the script. Arrays are indexed using integers and are zero-based. bash documentation: Accessing Array Elements. Method 3: Bash split string into array using delimiter. 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